Altitude
High altitude pulmonary hypertension
High altitude pulmonary hypertension and its associated complications have a good prognosis because the condition resolves spontaneously after transfer to low altitude. High altitude pulmonary edema resolves within a few days, congestive heart failure and polycythemia within a few months.
References:
Allemann, Y., Sartori, C., Lepori, M., et al. (2000) Close correlation between doppler echocardiography and invasive measurements of systolic pulmonary artery pressure at high altitude in humans. Am J Physiol, 279, H2013-H2016.
Anand, I. S., Malhotra, R. M., Chandrashekhar, Y., et al. (1990) Adult subacute mountain sickness - a syndrome of congestive heart failure in man at very high altitude. Lancet, 335, 561-565.
Audi, S. H., Dawson, C. A., Rickaby, D. A., et al. (1991) Localization of the sites of pulmonary vasomotion by use of arterial and venous occlusion. J Appl Physiol, 70, 2126-2136.
Bärtsch, P., Maggiorini, M., Ritter, M., et al. (1991) Prevention of high altitude pulmonary edema by nifedipine. N Engl J Med, 325, 1284-1289.
Bärtsch, P. (1997) High altitude pulmonary edema. Respiration, 64, 435-443.
Fiorenzano, G., Rastelli, V., Greco, V., et al. (1994) Unilateral high-altitude pulmonary edema in a subject with right pulmonary artery hypoplasia. Respiration, 61, 51-54.
Groves, B. M., Reeves, J. T., Sutton, J. R., et al. (1987) Operation Everest II: elevated high altitude pulmonary resistance unresponsive to oxygen. J. Appl. Physiol., 63, 521-530.
Hackett, P. H., Creagh, C. E., Grover, R. F., et al. (1980) High altitude pulmonary edema in persons without the right pulmonary artery. N Engl J Med, 302, 1070-1073.
Hackett, P. H., Roach, R. C., Hartig, G. S., et al. (1992) The effect of vasodilators on pulmonary hemodynamics in high altitude pulmonary edema: A comparison. Int J Sports Med, 13 (Suppl 1), S68-S71.
Hakim, T. S., Michel, R. P., Minami, H., et al. (1983) Site of pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction studied with arterial and venous occlusion. J Appl Physiol, 54, 1298-1302.
Hohenhaus, E., Niroomand, F., Görre, S., et al. (1995) Nifedipine dos not prevent acute mountain sickness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 150, 857-860.
Hultgren, H. (1997) Chronic Mountain Sickness. In: High Altitude Medicine (Ed, Hultgren, H.) Hultgren Publication, San Francisco (CA), pp. 348-367.
Hultgren, H. (1997) High altitude pulmonary hypertension. In: High Altitude Medicine (Ed, Hultgren, H.) Hultgren Publication, San Francisco (CA), pp. 256-320.
Levine, B. D., Grayburn, P. A., Voyles, W. F., et al. (1991) Intracardiac shunting across a patent foramen ovale may exacerbate hypoxemia in high-altitude pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med, 114, 569-570.
Maggiorini, M., Mélot, C., Pierre, S., et al. (2001) High altitude pulmonary edema is initially caused by an increase in capillary pressure. Circulation, 103, 2078-2083.
Naeije, R. (1997) Pulmonary circulation at high altitude. Respiration, 64, 429-434.
Naeije, R., De Backer, D., Vachiery, J. L., et al. (1996) High-altitude pulmonary edema with primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest, 110, 286-289.
Nakagawa, S., Kubo, K., Koizumi, T., et al. (1993) High-altitude pulmonary edema with pulmonary thromboembolism. Chest, 103, 948-950.
Oelz, O., Maggiorini, M., Ritter, M., et al. (1989) Nifedipine for high altitude pulmonary oedema. Lancet, 2 (8674), 1241-1244.
Reeves, J. T. and Durmowicz, A. G. (1996) High altitude and the pulmonary circulation. In: Pulmonary circulation (Ed, Peacock, A. J.) Chapman & Hall Medical, London Glasgow, pp. 261-272.
Sui, G. J., Liu, Y. H., Cheng, X. S., et al. (1988) Subacute infantile mountain sickness. J Pathol, 155, 161-170.
Yagi, H., Yamada, H., Kobayashi, T., et al. (1990) Doppler assessment of pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxic breathing in subjects susceptible to high altitude pulmonary edema. Am Rev Respir Dis, 142, 796-801.
High altitude pulmonary hypertension and its associated complications have a good prognosis because the condition resolves spontaneously after transfer to low altitude. High altitude pulmonary edema resolves within a few days, congestive heart failure and polycythemia within a few months.
References:
Allemann, Y., Sartori, C., Lepori, M., et al. (2000) Close correlation between doppler echocardiography and invasive measurements of systolic pulmonary artery pressure at high altitude in humans. Am J Physiol, 279, H2013-H2016.
Anand, I. S., Malhotra, R. M., Chandrashekhar, Y., et al. (1990) Adult subacute mountain sickness - a syndrome of congestive heart failure in man at very high altitude. Lancet, 335, 561-565.
Audi, S. H., Dawson, C. A., Rickaby, D. A., et al. (1991) Localization of the sites of pulmonary vasomotion by use of arterial and venous occlusion. J Appl Physiol, 70, 2126-2136.
Bärtsch, P., Maggiorini, M., Ritter, M., et al. (1991) Prevention of high altitude pulmonary edema by nifedipine. N Engl J Med, 325, 1284-1289.
Bärtsch, P. (1997) High altitude pulmonary edema. Respiration, 64, 435-443.
Fiorenzano, G., Rastelli, V., Greco, V., et al. (1994) Unilateral high-altitude pulmonary edema in a subject with right pulmonary artery hypoplasia. Respiration, 61, 51-54.
Groves, B. M., Reeves, J. T., Sutton, J. R., et al. (1987) Operation Everest II: elevated high altitude pulmonary resistance unresponsive to oxygen. J. Appl. Physiol., 63, 521-530.
Hackett, P. H., Creagh, C. E., Grover, R. F., et al. (1980) High altitude pulmonary edema in persons without the right pulmonary artery. N Engl J Med, 302, 1070-1073.
Hackett, P. H., Roach, R. C., Hartig, G. S., et al. (1992) The effect of vasodilators on pulmonary hemodynamics in high altitude pulmonary edema: A comparison. Int J Sports Med, 13 (Suppl 1), S68-S71.
Hakim, T. S., Michel, R. P., Minami, H., et al. (1983) Site of pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction studied with arterial and venous occlusion. J Appl Physiol, 54, 1298-1302.
Hohenhaus, E., Niroomand, F., Görre, S., et al. (1995) Nifedipine dos not prevent acute mountain sickness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 150, 857-860.
Hultgren, H. (1997) Chronic Mountain Sickness. In: High Altitude Medicine (Ed, Hultgren, H.) Hultgren Publication, San Francisco (CA), pp. 348-367.
Hultgren, H. (1997) High altitude pulmonary hypertension. In: High Altitude Medicine (Ed, Hultgren, H.) Hultgren Publication, San Francisco (CA), pp. 256-320.
Levine, B. D., Grayburn, P. A., Voyles, W. F., et al. (1991) Intracardiac shunting across a patent foramen ovale may exacerbate hypoxemia in high-altitude pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med, 114, 569-570.
Maggiorini, M., Mélot, C., Pierre, S., et al. (2001) High altitude pulmonary edema is initially caused by an increase in capillary pressure. Circulation, 103, 2078-2083.
Naeije, R. (1997) Pulmonary circulation at high altitude. Respiration, 64, 429-434.
Naeije, R., De Backer, D., Vachiery, J. L., et al. (1996) High-altitude pulmonary edema with primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest, 110, 286-289.
Nakagawa, S., Kubo, K., Koizumi, T., et al. (1993) High-altitude pulmonary edema with pulmonary thromboembolism. Chest, 103, 948-950.
Oelz, O., Maggiorini, M., Ritter, M., et al. (1989) Nifedipine for high altitude pulmonary oedema. Lancet, 2 (8674), 1241-1244.
Reeves, J. T. and Durmowicz, A. G. (1996) High altitude and the pulmonary circulation. In: Pulmonary circulation (Ed, Peacock, A. J.) Chapman & Hall Medical, London Glasgow, pp. 261-272.
Sui, G. J., Liu, Y. H., Cheng, X. S., et al. (1988) Subacute infantile mountain sickness. J Pathol, 155, 161-170.
Yagi, H., Yamada, H., Kobayashi, T., et al. (1990) Doppler assessment of pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxic breathing in subjects susceptible to high altitude pulmonary edema. Am Rev Respir Dis, 142, 796-801.
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The SSPH workshop on May 7-8, 2010 in Lucerne did consist of an update of the website with the following topics:
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